Using Grub2 and LUA installed on USB booting ISO images
I got 16 GB USB flash from my brother, because he can’t see me still using my old 64 MB. He decided to buy Imation Nano-Flash-Drive.
Because of many of my friends and colleagues are using Win, I use NTFS on it. Old FAT is not “usable” in these days, because it can’t handle bigger files.
From the first time I use USB disks I always want to have bootable disk/flash with live CDs – so here are few notes how to create USB flash drive able to boot stored live CDs:
Fist you need to compile grub2 yourselves, because default grub2 installations in distributions does not have LUA support:
Debian way compilation and installation:
apt-get source grub2
apt-get build-dep grub2
dpkg-source -x grub2_1.98-1.dsc
bzr branch http://bzr.savannah.gnu.org/r/grub-extras/lua ./grub2-1.98/debian/grub-extras/lua
cd grub2-1.98
dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -b
cd ..
dpkg -r grub-pc grub-common
dpkg -i ./grub-common_1.98-1_amd64.deb ./grub-pc_1.98-1_amd64.deb
Compilation and installation from source code (not necessary if you follow “Debian steps” above):
mkdir ./grub/grub-extras
bzr branch http://bzr.savannah.gnu.org/r/grub-extras/lua ./grub/grub-extras/lua
#bzr branch http://bzr.savannah.gnu.org/r/grub-extras/gpxe ./grub/grub-extras/gpxe
cd grub
export GRUB_CONTRIB=./grub-extras/
./autogen.sh
./configure --prefix=/tmp/grub
make
make install
Mount USB to some directory (in my case /mnt/sdb1) and install grub with Lua support on it:
grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/sdb1 /dev/sdb
To make grub nicer, I add wallper and fonts to it:
grub-mkfont --output=/mnt/sdb1/boot/grub/unifont.pf2 --range=0x0000-0x0241,0x2190-0x21FF,0x2500-0x259f /tmp/unifont-5.1.20080820.pcf.gz -v -b
wget http://ubuntulife.files.wordpress.com/2007/05/linux.jpg /mnt/sdb1/boot/grub/
Last step is creating right configuration and downloading live iso images of various Linux distributions:
Let’s download the ISOs first. It’s better to use most actual ones. These are working fine for me:
wget -c --directory-prefix=/mnt/sdb1/isos \
http://ftp.heanet.ie/pub/linuxmint.com/testing/LinuxMint-8-x64-RC1.iso \
http://gd.tuwien.ac.at/opsys/linux/grml/grml64_2009.10.iso \
http://ftp.cc.uoc.gr/mirrors/linux/slax/SLAX-6.x/slax-6.1.2.iso \
http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/systemrescuecd/sysresccd-x86/1.5.0/systemrescuecd-x86-1.5.0.iso \
http://releases.ubuntu.com/karmic/ubuntu-9.10-desktop-amd64.iso \
http://xpud.googlecode.com/files/xpud-0.9.2.iso
The following code is taken from this web page http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1288604 wgere I added more live cds. I also change the main grup.cfg little bit and use 64 live CDs (amd64).
Save following text as 3 files:
- /mnt/sdb1/boot/grub/grub.cfg
- /mnt/sdb1/boot/grub/bootiso.lua
- /mnt/sdb1/boot/grub/listisos.lua
insmod font
if loadfont /boot/grub/unifont.pf2 ; then
set gfxmode="1024x768x32,800x600x32,640x480x32,1024x768,800x600,640x480"
# set gfxpayload=keep
insmod gfxterm
# insmod vbe
if terminal_output gfxterm; then true ; else
terminal gfxterm
fi
fi
insmod jpeg
if background_image /boot/grub/linux.jpg ; then
set menu_color_normal=black/black
set color_highlight=red/blue
else
set menu_color_normal=cyan/blue
set menu_color_highlight=white/blue
fi
set default=0
set timeout=10
# Uncomment for a different ISO files search path
#set isofolder="/boot/isos"
#export isofolder
# Uncomment for a different live system language
#set isolangcode="us"
#export isolangcode
source /boot/grub/listisos.lua
-- Detects the live system type and boots it
function boot_iso (isofile, langcode)
-- grml
if (dir_exist ("(loop)/boot/grml64")) then
boot_linux (
"(loop)/boot/grml64/linux26",
"(loop)/boot/grml64/initrd.gz",
"findiso=" .. isofile .. " apm=power-off quiet boot=live nomce"
)
-- Parted Magic
elseif (dir_exist ("(loop)/pmagic")) then
boot_linux (
"(loop)/pmagic/bzImage",
"(loop)/pmagic/initramfs",
"iso_filename=" .. isofile ..
" edd=off noapic load_ramdisk=1 prompt_ramdisk=0 rw" ..
" sleep=10 loglevel=0 keymap=" .. langcode
)
-- Sidux
elseif (dir_exist ("(loop)/sidux")) then
boot_linux (
find_file ("(loop)/boot", "vmlinuz%-.*%-sidux%-.*"),
find_file ("(loop)/boot", "initrd%.img%-.*%-sidux%-.*"),
"fromiso=" .. isofile .. " boot=fll quiet"
)
-- Slax
elseif (dir_exist ("(loop)/slax")) then
boot_linux (
"(loop)/boot/vmlinuz",
"(loop)/boot/initrd.gz",
"from=" .. isofile .. " ramdisk_size=6666 root=/dev/ram0 rw"
)
-- SystemRescueCd
elseif (grub.file_exist ("(loop)/isolinux/rescue64")) then
boot_linux (
"(loop)/isolinux/rescue64",
"(loop)/isolinux/initram.igz",
"isoloop=" .. isofile .. " docache rootpass=xxxx setkmap=" .. langcode
)
-- Tinycore
elseif (grub.file_exist ("(loop)/boot/tinycore.gz")) then
boot_linux (
"(loop)/boot/bzImage",
"(loop)/boot/tinycore.gz"
)
-- Ubuntu and Casper based Distros
elseif (dir_exist ("(loop)/casper")) then
boot_linux (
"(loop)/casper/vmlinuz",
find_file ("(loop)/casper", "initrd%..z"),
"boot=casper iso-scan/filename=" .. isofile ..
" quiet splash noprompt" ..
" keyb=" .. langcode ..
" debian-installer/language=" .. langcode ..
" console-setup/layoutcode?=" .. langcode ..
" --"
)
-- Xpud
elseif (grub.file_exist ("(loop)/boot/xpud")) then
boot_linux (
"(loop)/boot/xpud",
"(loop)/opt/media"
)
else
print_error ("Unsupported ISO type")
end
end
-- Help function to show an error
function print_error (msg)
print ("Error: " .. msg)
grub.run ("read")
end
-- Help function to search for a file
function find_file (folder, match)
local filename
local function enum_file (name)
if (filename == nil) then
filename = string.match (name, match)
end
end
grub.enum_file (enum_file, folder)
if (filename) then
return folder .. "/" .. filename
else
return nil
end
end
-- Help function to check if a directory exist
function dir_exist (dir)
return (grub.run("test -d '" .. dir .. "'") == 0)
end
-- Boots a Linux live system
function boot_linux (linux, initrd, params)
if (linux and grub.file_exist (linux)) then
if (initrd and grub.file_exist (initrd)) then
if (params) then
grub.run ("linux " .. linux .. " " .. params)
else
grub.run ("linux " .. linux)
end
grub.run ("initrd " .. initrd)
else
print_error ("Booting Linux failed: cannot find initrd file '" .. initrd .. "'")
end
else
print_error ("Booting Linux failed: cannot find linux file '" .. initrd .. "'")
end
end
-- Mounts the iso file
function mount_iso (isofile)
local result = false
if (isofile == nil) then
print_error ("variable 'isofile' is undefined")
elseif (not grub.file_exist (isofile)) then
print_error ("Cannot find isofile '" .. isofile .. "'")
else
local err_no, err_msg = grub.run ("loopback loop " .. isofile)
if (err_no ~= 0) then
print_error ("Cannot load ISO: " .. err_msg)
else
result = true
end
end
return result
end
-- Getting the environment parameters
isofile = grub.getenv ("isofile")
langcode = grub.getenv ("isolangcode")
if (langcode == nil) then
langcode = "us"
end
-- Mounting and booting the live system
if (mount_iso (isofile)) then
boot_iso (isofile, langcode)
end
isofolder = grub.getenv ("isofolder")
if (isofolder == nil) then
isofolder = "/isos"
end
function enum_file (name)
local title = string.match (name, "(.*)%.[iI][sS][oO]")
if (title) then
local source = "set isofile=" .. isofolder .. "/" .. name ..
"\nsource /boot/grub/bootiso.lua"
grub.add_menu (source, title)
end
end
grub.enum_file (enum_file, isofolder)
UPDATE
In the new grub versions I had to modify following lines (from “source” -> “lua” and one module name “vbeinfo” -> “vbe”) otherwise it was not running correctly. Please look at these lines and change it in the scripts above:
lua /boot/grub/listisos.lua
"\nlua /boot/grub/bootiso.lua"
After unmounting your USB flash should be bootable and you should get menu similar to this one:
Enjoy
hi, i tried to follow the steps given but keep encountering errors at the make, i’v tried searching the net for like 2 days but dont even come close to find a solution let alone a similar problem. please see below and provide some help if possible.
/bin/bash: line 9: -I: command not found
make[2]: *** [grub.info] Error 127
make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/windsor/grub/docs’
make[1]: *** [all-recursive] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/windsor/grub’
make: *** [all] Error 2
Hello.
I tried the steps above with grub version 1.98+20100804-2 from debian testing and it’s working fine form me. I was able to compile it using the “debian way” mentioned above.
In the worst case you can install debian testing into virtual machine and follow the steps above.
Good luck
PetrR
@Windsor
Install package texinfo (and maybe texi2html?) and it should compile.
@Windsor
Install package texinfo (and maybe texi2html?) and it should compile.
@Petr: Thanx! Your guide saved me quite some time